Qinisekisa ukomisa
Inayiloni i-hygroscopic ngakumbi, ukuba ibonakaliswe emoyeni ixesha elide, iya kuthabatha ukufuma emoyeni.Kumaqondo obushushu ngaphezu kwendawo yokunyibilika (malunga ne-254 ° C), iimolekyuli zamanzi zisabela ngokwekhemikhali ngenayiloni.Le mpendulo yeekhemikhali, ebizwa ngokuba yi-hydrolysis okanye i-cleavage, i-oxidize inayiloni kwaye iyitshintshe.Ubunzima be-molecular kunye nokuqina kwe-resin kuncinci, kwaye umbane uyanda.Ukufuma okufunxwa yiplastiki kunye nerhasi eqhekekileyo kwiindawo ezidibeneyo zokudibanisa, ukukhanya kwakhiwa phezu komhlaba akusiyo, ingqolowa yesilivere, i-speckle, i-microspores, i-bubbles, i-melt enzima yokwandiswa ayinakwenziwa okanye yenziwe emva kokuba amandla omatshini ehla kakhulu.Ekugqibeleni, inayiloni ecandwe yile hydrolysis ayinakuncitshiswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye ayinakusetyenziswa kwakhona nokuba yomiswe kwakhona.
Imathiriyeli yenayiloni ngaphambi kokusebenza kokumisa isitofu kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ngokungqongqo, ukomisa ukuya kweliphi inqanaba ngokweemfuno zeemveliso ezigqityiweyo ukwenza isigqibo, ngokuqhelekileyo i-0.25% engezantsi, bekungcono ukuba ingadluli kwi-0.1%, ukuba nje into ekrwada yomile ilungile, ukubumba inaliti lula, iindawo aziyi kuzisa inkathazo eninzi kumgangatho.
Inayiloni yayinokusebenzisa ngcono ukomisa i-vacuum, ngenxa yokuba imeko yobushushu bomoya wokomisa iphezulu, izinto ekrwada kufuneka zomiswe zisekhona ukunxibelelana neoksijini emoyeni kunye nokuba nokwenzeka kokutshintsha kombala kwe-oxidation, i-oxidation egqithisileyo iya kuba nesiphumo esichaseneyo, ke ngoko. ukuba imveliso brittle.
Ukungabikho kwezixhobo zokumisa i-vacuum, ukomiswa kwe-atmospheric kunokusetyenziswa kuphela, nangona umphumo ubi.Kukho amagama amaninzi ahlukeneyo malunga neemeko zokumisa emoyeni, kodwa nantsi nje embalwa.Eyokuqala yi-60 ℃ ~ 70 ℃, ubukhulu bezinto eziphathekayo 20mm, bhaka i-24h ~ 30h;Okwesibini akukho ngaphezu kwe-10h xa ukoma ngaphantsi kwe-90℃;Okwesithathu ku-93 ℃ okanye ngaphantsi, ukomisa i-2h ~ 3h, kuba kwiqondo lokushisa lomoya ngaphezu kwe-93 ℃ kunye ne-3h eqhubekayo ngaphezulu, kunokwenzeka ukwenza utshintsho lombala wenayiloni, ngoko ubushushu kufuneka buncitshiswe kwi-79 ℃;Okwesine kukunyusa izinga lobushushu libe ngaphezulu kwe-100℃, okanye nakwi-150℃, ngenxa yoqwalaselo lokuvezwa kwenayiloni emoyeni ixesha elide okanye ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo zokomisa;Okwesihlanu kukubumba umatshini wokubumba ubushushu bomoya oshushu, ubushushu bomoya oshushu kwi-hopper buphakanyiswe bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-100 ℃ okanye ngaphezulu, ukuze ukufuma kwiplastiki kuphuphume.Emva koko umoya oshushu uyasuswa kunye nomphezulu we-hopper.
Ukuba iplastiki eyomileyo ibonakaliswe emoyeni, iya kubamba ngokukhawuleza amanzi emoyeni kwaye ilahlekelwe ngumphumo wokumisa.Nangona kwi-hopper yomatshini egqunyiweyo, ixesha lokugcina akufanele libe lide kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo lingabi ngaphezu kweyure eli-1 kwiintsuku zemvula, iintsuku zelanga zikhawulelwe kwiiyure ze-3.
Lawula iqondo lobushushu lomphanda
Ubushushu obunyibilikayo benayiloni buphezulu, kodwa xa ufikelela kwindawo yokunyibilika, i-viscosity yayo iphantsi kakhulu kune-thermoplastics eqhelekileyo efana ne-polystyrene, ngoko ke ukwenza ulwelo aluyongxaki.Ukongeza, ngenxa yeempawu ze-rheological zenayiloni, i-viscosity ebonakalayo iyancipha xa isantya sokucheba sinyuka, kwaye iqondo lokushisa elinyibilikayo lincinci, phakathi kwe-3 ℃ kunye ne-5 ℃, ngoko ke ubushushu obuphezulu bezinto busisiqinisekiso sokubumba okugudileyo.
Kodwa inayiloni ekwimeko yokunyibilika xa uzinzo lwe-thermal luhlwempuzekileyo, ukusetyenzwa kwezinto eziphezulu kakhulu okuphakathi kwexesha elide lokufudumeza kunokukhokelela ekuthotyweni kwepolymer, ukwenzela ukuba iimveliso zivele amaqamza, amandla ayancipha.Ngoko ke, ubushushu becandelo ngalinye lombhobho kufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo, ukwenzela ukuba i-pellet kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu lokunyibilika, imeko yokufudumeza ifanelekile ngokusemandleni, enye iyunifomu, ukuphepha ukunyibilika okubi kunye nesiganeko sokufudumala kwendawo.Ngokuphathelele ukubunjwa okupheleleyo, ubushushu bombhobho akufanele budlule i-300 ℃, kwaye ixesha lokufudumala kwe-pellet kwi-barrel akufanele lidlule i-30min.
Amacandelo ezixhobo eziphuculweyo
Eyokuqala yimeko esemgqonyeni, nangona kukho isixa esikhulu senaliti eya phambili, kodwa ukuhamba ngasemva kwezinto ezityhidiweyo kwi-screw groove kunye nokuvuza phakathi kobuso besiphelo se-screw kunye nodonga lwangaphakathi lombhobho othambekele. ngenxa yobuninzi bamanzi, obunganciphisi kuphela uxinzelelo olusebenzayo lwenaliti kunye nomthamo wesondlo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha luthintela inkqubela egudileyo yokondla, ukuze isikrufu singakwazi ukubuya umva.Ke ngoko, i-loop yokutshekisha kufuneka ifakwe phambi komgqomo ukuthintela ukubuya umva.Kodwa emva kokufaka umsesane wokutshekisha, ubushushu bezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka bonyuswe ngo-10 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ ngokufanelekileyo, ukuze ilahleko yoxinzelelo ibuyekezwe.
Okwesibini ngumbhobho, isenzo sokutofa sigqityiwe, i-screw back, intsimbi etyhidiweyo kwisithando somlilo sangaphambili phantsi koxinzelelo olushiyekileyo inokuphuma kwi-nozzle, oko kukuthi, into ebizwa ngokuba yi "salivation phenomenon".Ukuba izinto eziza kugalelwa emngxunyeni ziya kwenza iindawo ezinamabala abandayo okanye kunzima ukuzalisa, ukuba i-nozzle ngokumelene nokungunda ngaphambi kokususwa, kwaye yandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwenkathazo, uqoqosho alubizi.Yindlela esebenzayo yokulawula ubushushu bombhobho ngokuseta iringi yokufudumeza elungelelaniswe ngokwahlukileyo emlonyeni, kodwa eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo kukutshintsha umlomo ngombhobho wevalve yasentwasahlobo.Ngokuqinisekileyo, izinto zasentwasahlobo ezisetyenziswa ngolu hlobo lombhobho kufuneka zixhathise ukushisa okuphezulu, ngaphandle koko ziya kulahlekelwa yimpembelelo yayo e-elastic ngenxa yokuphindaphinda ukunyanzeliswa kwe-annealing kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu.
Qinisekisa ukukhupha amanzi kunye nokulawula ubushushu bokufa
Ngenxa yeqondo eliphezulu lokunyibilika kwenylon, kwakhona, indawo yokukhenkceza nayo iphezulu, izinto ezinyibilikayo kwi-mold ebandayo zinokuqiniswa nangaliphi na ixesha ngenxa yeqondo lokushisa eliwela ngaphantsi kwendawo yokunyibilika, ukuthintela ukugqitywa kwesenzo sokuzalisa i-mold. , ngoko ke kufuneka kusetyenziswe inaliti enesantya esiphezulu, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinodonga olubhityileyo okanye umgama omde wokuhamba.Ukongezelela, ukuzaliswa kwesantya esiphezulu sokubumba kuzisa ingxaki yokukhupha i-cavity, i-nylon mold kufuneka ibe nemilinganiselo eyaneleyo yokukhupha.
Inayiloni ineemfuno eziphezulu zobushushu bokufa kune-thermoplastics jikelele.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubushushu obuphezulu bokungunda bukulungele ukuhamba.Kubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezinzima.Ingxaki kukuba izinga lokupholisa inyibilika emva kokuzalisa i-cavity inefuthe elibalulekileyo kwisakhiwo kunye neempawu zeziqwenga zenylon.Ikakhulu ilele kwi-crystallization yayo, xa ikwiqondo lobushushu eliphakamileyo kwimo ye-amorphous kwi-cavity, i-crystallization yaqala, ubungakanani bezinga le-crystallization lixhomekeke kubushushu obuphezulu kunye nomgangatho ophantsi wokubumba kunye nesantya sokudlulisa ubushushu.Xa iindawo ezibhityileyo ezinobude obuphezulu, ukucaca okulungileyo kunye nokuqina kuyadingeka, ubushushu bokubumba bufanele bube buphantsi ukunciphisa iqondo le-crystallization.Xa udonga olungqingqwa olunobunzima obuphezulu, ukuchasana kakuhle kokunxiba kunye ne-deformation encinci yokusetyenziswa kuyadingeka, ubushushu bokubumba kufuneka bube phezulu ukunyusa izinga le-crystallization.Iimfuno zobushushu bomngundo inayiloni ziphezulu, oku kungenxa yokuba izinga layo lokucutheka lokubumba lilikhulu, xa litshintsha ukusuka kwimo etyhidiweyo ukuya kwisimo esiqinileyo ukushwabana komthamo mkhulu kakhulu, ngakumbi kwiimveliso ezishinyeneyo zodonga, ubushushu bomngundo buphantsi kakhulu kuya kubangela umsantsa wangaphakathi.Kuphela xa ubushushu besikhunta bulawulwa kakuhle bunokuthi ubungakanani bamacandelo buzinze ngakumbi.
Uluhlu lolawulo lobushushu bomngundo wenayiloni yi20℃~90℃.Kungcono ukuba nazo zombini izixhobo zokupholisa (ezifana namanzi etephu) kunye nokufudumeza (okufana neplagi-in intonga yokufudumeza yombane).
I-Anealing kunye ne-humidification
Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obungaphezulu kwe-80℃ okanye iimfuno ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo zamalungu, emva kokubumba kufuneka kufakwe i-oyile okanye iparafini.Ubushushu be-annealing kufuneka bube yi-10℃~20℃ ngaphezulu kobushushu benkonzo, kwaye ixesha kufuneka libe malunga ne-10min ~ 60min ngokobukhulu.Emva kokufakwa kwe-anneal, kufuneka ipholiswe kancinane.Emva kokunyangwa kwe-annealing kunye nokushisa, i-crystal ye-nylon enkulu inokufumaneka, kwaye ukuqina kuphuculwe.Amalungu e-Crystallized, utshintsho loxinaniso luncinci, kungekhona i-deformation kunye nokuqhekeka.Amalungu alungiswe yindlela yokupholisa ngequbuliso anekristale ephantsi, ikristale encinci, ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokungafihli.
Ukongeza i-agent ye-nucleating ye-nylon, ukubunjwa kwenaliti kunokuvelisa i-crystallinity crystal enkulu, kunokunciphisa umjikelo wenaliti, ukucaca kunye nokuqina kwamalungu kuphuculwe.
Ukutshintsha kokufuma kwe-ambient kungatshintsha ubungakanani bamaqhekeza enayiloni.Inayiloni ngokwayo izinga lokucutheka liphezulu, ukuze kugcinwe eyona nto izinzile, inokusebenzisa amanzi okanye isisombululo esinamanzi ukuvelisa unyango olumanzi.Indlela yokucwina iinxalenye emanzini abilayo okanye i-potassium acetate isisombululo samanzi (umyinge we-acetate ye-potassium kunye namanzi yi-1.25: 100, indawo yokubilisa i-121 ℃), ixesha lokucwina lixhomekeke kubuninzi bodonga lwamacandelo, 1.5mm 2h , 3mm 8h, 6mm 16h.Ukunyangwa kwe-Humidification kunokuphucula i-crystal structure yeplastiki, ukuphucula ukuqina kwamalungu, kunye nokuphucula ukusabalalisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, kwaye umphumo ungcono kunonyango lwe-annealing.
Ixesha lokuposa: 03-11-22