Intshayelelo yeplastiki

1. Yintoni iplastiki?

Iiplastiki ziikhompawundi zepolymeric ezenziwe kwi-monomer njengemathiriyeli ekrwada ngokudibanisa okanye ukupholimesiswa kwe-condensation.

Ikhonkco lepolymer yi-photopolymer ukuba i-polymerized ukusuka kwi-monomer enye. Ukuba kukho iimonomers ezininzi kwikhonkco le-polymer, i-polymer yi-copolymer. Ngamanye amazwi, iplastiki yipolymer.

2. Ukuhlelwa kweeplastiki

Iiplastiki zinokwahlulwa zibe yiplastiki ye-thermoplastic kunye ne-thermosetting ngokwelizwe emva kokuba ishushu.

Iplastiki ye-Thermosetting yiplastiki eneempawu zokufudumeza, ukunyanga kunye nokunganyibiliki, hayi ukunyibilika. Le plastiki inokwakheka kube kanye kuphela.

Ngokuqhelekileyo inokusebenza kakuhle kakhulu kombane, kwaye inokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza.

Kodwa eyona nto ingalunganga kukuba isantya sokucubungula sicotha kwaye ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto kunzima.

Ezinye iiplastiki ze-thermosetting eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

Iplastiki yePhenol (yezibambo zeembiza);

I-Melamine (esetyenziswa kwi-laminates zeplastiki);

I-epoxy resin (ye-adhesives);

I-polyester engasetyenziswanga (ye-hull);

IVinyl lipids (esetyenziswa kwimizimba yemoto);

I-polyurethane (kwi-soles kunye ne-foams).

I-Thermoplastic luhlobo lweplastiki oluthambileyo kwiqondo lobushushu elithile, luqina emva kokupholisa, kwaye lukwazi ukuphinda inkqubo.

Ngoko ke, i-thermoplastics inokuphinda isetyenziswe.

Ezi mathiriyeli zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe ukuya kutsho kumaxesha asixhenxe phambi kokuba umsebenzi wazo ube mandundu.

3. Ukulungiswa kweplastiki kunye neendlela zokwenza

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iiplastiki ukusuka kumasuntswana ukuya kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezigqityiweyo, ezi zilandelayo zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo:

Isitofu sokubumba (eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokusetyenzwa);

Ukubumba ukuvuthela (ukwenza iibhotile kunye neemveliso ezingenanto);

Ukubunjwa kwe-Extrusion (ukuveliswa kwemibhobho, imibhobho, iiprofayili, iintambo);

Ukuvuthela ukwenza ifilimu (ukwenza iingxowa zeplastiki);

Ukubumba umqulu (ukwenza iimveliso ezinkulu ezingenanto, ezifana nezikhongozeli, iibhoyi);

Ukwenziwa kwevacuum (ukuveliswa kokupakishwa, ibhokisi yokukhusela)

4. Iipropati kunye nokusetyenziswa kweeplastiki eziqhelekileyo

Iiplastiki zinokwahlulwa zibe ziiplastiki eziqhelekileyo, iiplastiki zobunjineli, iiplastiki zobunjineli ezikhethekileyo njalo njalo.

Iplastiki ngokubanzi: ibhekisela kwiplastiki esetyenziswa kakhulu ebomini bethu, isixa esikhulu seentlobo zeplastiki ziquka: PE, PP, PVC, PS, ABS njalo njalo.

Iiplastiki zobuNjineli: iiplastiki ezisetyenziswa njengezinto zobunjineli kunye nokuthatha indawo yentsimbi xa kusenziwa iinxalenye zoomatshini, njl.

Iiplastiki zobunjineli zinomsebenzi oncomekayo obanzi, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukukhasa, ukomelela okuphezulu komatshini, ukumelana nobushushu obulungileyo, ukugqunywa kombane okulungileyo, kwaye kunokusetyenziswa kwimichiza erhabaxa kunye nendawo ebonakalayo ixesha elide.

Okwangoku, iiplastiki ezintlanu zobunjineli eziqhelekileyo: i-PA (polyamide), i-POM (i-polyformaldehyde), i-PBT (i-polybutylene terephthalate), i-PC (i-polycarbonate) kunye ne-PPO (i-polyphenyl ether) zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo emva kokuguqulwa.

Iiplastiki zobunjineli ezikhethekileyo: iiplastiki ezikhethekileyo zobunjineli zibhekisa kuhlobo lweeplastiki zobunjineli ezinomgangatho ophezulu wokusebenza, ukusebenza okukhethekileyo kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo, kunye nobushushu bokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide ngaphezulu kwe-150 ℃. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-electronics, umbane, amashishini akhethekileyo kunye nezinye iindawo zobugcisa obuphezulu.

Kukho i-polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), i-polyimide (PI), i-polyether ether ketene (PEEK), i-polymer crystal polymer (LCP), i-nylon yokushisa ephezulu (PPA), njl.

5. Yintoni iplastiki enokubola?

Iiplastiki esiqhele ukuzisebenzisa zii-macromolecules ezinde ze-polymerized kwaye kunzima ukuzichitha kwindawo yendalo. Ukutshisa okanye ukulahla inkunkuma kunokubangela ingozi enkulu, ngoko ke abantu bajonge iiplastiki ezinokonakala ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo.

Iiplastiki ezonakaliswayo zohlulwe ikakhulu zibe ziiplastiki ezinokuthotywa kunye neeplastiki ezinokubola.

Iiplastiki ezihlanjululwayo: Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kunye nobushushu, ikhonkco le-polymer kwisakhiwo seplastiki yaphukile, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokuthotywa.

Iiplastiki ze-Biodegradable: Phantsi kweemeko zendalo, i-microorganisms kwindalo iqhawula amatyathanga amade ezakhiwo ze-polymer, kwaye ekugqibeleni amaqhekeza eplastiki agaywa kwaye axutywe yi-microorganisms emanzini kunye ne-carbon dioxide.

Okwangoku, iiplastiki ezonakeleyo ezinokuthengiswa okuhle zibandakanya i-PLA, i-PBAT, njl