I-polymers egqibeleleyo - ii-polymers ezinokulungelelanisa iipropathi zomzimba kunye nemiphumo yendalo esingqongileyo - ungabekho, kodwa iPolybbutlene Terephthaite (PBAT) ikufuphi nemfezeko.
Emva kwamashumi eminyaka yokusilela ukumisa iimveliso zabo ziphela kwindawo yokugcwalisa komhlaba kunye neelwandlekazi, abenzi be-polymer be-polymer baphantsi koxinzelelo lokuthatha uxanduva. Uninzi luphindaphinde iinzame zabo zokukhuthaza ukuphinda zisebenze ukuphinda ugxeke. Ezinye iinkampani zizama ukulungisa ingxaki yenkunkuma ngokutyala kwiPlastiki ezisekwe kwi-biodegraphic efana ne-polylactic acid (pla) kunye nethemba lokuba ukonakala kwendalo kuya kuyinciphisa inkcitho yendalo.
Kodwa zombini ukuphinda zisebenzelwe kunye ne-biopolymers zijongana nemiqobo. Umzekelo, ngaphandle kweminyaka emininzi egudileyo, iUnited States iphinda isebenzise imali engaphantsi kweepesenti ezili-10 zeplastiki. Kunye ne-polymers esekwe kwi-bio-esekwe kwimveliso yokubila-isokola ukufezekisa intsebenzo kunye nenqanaba lezonyango zokwenziwa zenzelwe ukutshintsha.
I-PBAT idibanisa ezinye zeepropathi eziyingenelo ze-polymers ezenziwe kunye ne-bio-esekwe kwi-bio. Ithathwe kwiimveliso eziqhelekileyo zepetrochemical-i-terephthayic ye-terephthayic ye-Acid (i-PTA), i-Butadiol kunye ne-Adiphec Acid, kodwa iyakwazi. Njenge-polymer yokwenziwa, inokuveliswa ngokulula, kwaye ineepropathi ezibonakalayo eziyimfuneko ukwenza iifilimu eziguquguqukayo ezifanayo nezo zendabuko zemveli.
Inzala kwi-PBAT ikwisithuba. Abavelisi abasekwe njengabahambi nge-basf yaseJamani kunye ne-Itali's's Novamont babona ukwanda kwemfuno emva kweminyaka yemishumi yokukhulisa imarike. Bajongiswe ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabavelisi base-Ania abalindele ukuba benze ishishini kwi-polymer ukuba bachume njengoorhulumente bengingqi batyhutyha uzinzo.
I-Marc Verbbrgen, owayesakuba yi-CEO yoMvelisi weNdlela, ngoku ukholelwa ukuba i-PBAT ye-PBAT ingaba yi-bitpat "kwaye ikholelwa ukuba i-PBAT i-bielistic iguqulwe i-bielisticicisticicisticicicisticicicisticicicisticicicistic eguqukayo ( Ii-PBs) kunye nabakhuphisana nabo. Kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba i-rank ecaleni kweplanti ezimbini ze-biodegrady, athi iba yimveliso ephambili kwizicelo ezingqongqo.
URamani Narayan, unjingalwazi wobunjineli bemichiza kwiYunivesithi yaseMichigan State, utshilo i-PBAT ye-PBAT ye-biode-carbon-ivela kwi-calbon ye-carbon-carbon kwi-polythyeds engu-polythylene. Iibhondi ze-Ester ze-hydrolyzd kwaye zonakaliswe zii-enzymes.
Umzekelo, i-polylactic acid kunye ne-pha i-polysters ehlekisa xa kuqhekezwa i-Ester. Kodwa eyona ixhaphakileyo i-polyester-terethylene Terephthalate (PET), isetyenziswe kwii-fibers kunye neebhotile zesoda-aziphumi ngokulula. Kungenxa yokuba i-ring enukayo kwi-skeleton yayo ivela kwi-Pta. Ngokutsho kweNarayan, amakhonkco anika iipropathi zesakhiwo nako kwenza i-hydrophobic phydrophobic ye-ft. "Amanzi akalula ukungena kwaye acothise yonke inkqubo ye-hydrolysis, utshilo.
I-basf yenza i-polybbutlene terephthaelate (PBT), i-polyester eyenziwe kwi-butadiol. Abaphandi benkampani bajonga i-biodegrady polymer banokuvelisa ngokulula. Bayitshintshe i-PTA kwi-PBT nge-apipecid glycolic acid. Ngale ndlela, iinxalenye ze-polymer zahlulwe ukuze zikwazi ukuxabiseka. Kwangelo xesha, i-PTA eyaneleyo ishiywe ukuba inike i-polymer ebalulekileyo.
I-Narayan ikholelwa ukuba i-pbat incinci i-biodegrades kune-pla, efuna umgquba weshishini ukubola. Kodwa ayinakukhuphisana ne-Phats ezifumanekayo ezifumanekayo, ezinokupheliswa kwiimeko zendalo, nakwimimandla yaselwandle.
Iingcali zihlala zithelekisa iipropathi zomzimba zePBat kwi-Polythylene, ipolymer elastiki isetyenziselwa ukwenza iifilimu, ezinjengeengxowa zenkunkuma.
I-PBAT ihlala ixutywe ne-PLA, i-polymer engqongqo enepropathi yePolystyrene-njenge-Polystrene-njengepropathi. I-Asf's Brand ye-Ecovio isekwe koku kudityaniswa. Umzekelo, i-verbruggen ithi ibhegi yokuthenga enophawu iqhelekileyo iqulethe i-85% ye-PBAT kunye ne-15% ye-15%.
I-Novamamore yongeza enye indawo yokupheka. Inkampani ixube i-PBAT ye-PBAT kunye nezinye ii-biipitic peliyosters ezivuthiweyo ngesitatshi ukudala i-resins kwizicelo ezithile.
I-Stefano, umphathi omtsha wophuhliso lweshishini, wathi: "Kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo, i-Novamogamo igxile kwizicelo apho ubuchule bokuthathwa bungongeza kwimveliso ngokwayo. "
Imakethi enkulu ye-PBAT yi-mulch, esasazeka malunga nezityalo ukuthintela ukhula kunye nokunceda ukugcina umbundu. Xa ifilimu ye-polyethylene isetyenziswa, kufuneka ikhutshelwe kwaye ifihlekelwe ngokufuthi. Kodwa iifilimu ze-biodegrady zinokulinywa ngokuthe ngqo emhlabeni.
Enye imarike enkulu ingaba ziingxowa zenkunkuma yenkonzo yokutya kunye nengqokelela yasekhaya yokutya kunye nenkunkuma yeyadi.
Iingxowa ezivela kwiinkampani ezifana ne-biobag, zisandula ukwenziwa nguNovamont, zithengiswe kubathengisi iminyaka.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: 26-11-21