Itekhnoloji yokwenza izinto ezihlanganisiweyo sisiseko kunye nemeko yophuhliso lweshishini lezinto ezidibeneyo. Ngokwandiswa kwentsimi yesicelo sezinto ezidibeneyo, ishishini elidibeneyo liye laphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza, enye inkqubo yokubumba iyaphucuka, iindlela ezintsha zokubumba ziyaqhubeka zivela, okwangoku kukho iindlela ezingaphezu kwe-20 ze-polymer matrix zokubumba, kwaye zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso. njenge:
(1) Inkqubo yokwenza intlama yesandla — indlela yokubumba i-wet-up;
(2) Inkqubo yokwenza ijethi;
(3) Iteknoloji yokubumba i-resin (i-RTM iteknoloji);
(4) Indlela yoxinzelelo lwengxowa (indlela yengxowa yoxinzelelo) ukubumba;
(5) Ingxowa yokufunxa ukubumba ngokucinezela;
(6) iteknoloji yokwenza i-Autoclave;
(7) Ubugcisa bokwenza iketile yeHydraulic;
(8) Iteknoloji yokubumba i-Thermal;
(9) Ithekhinoloji yokwenza isangwetshi;
(10) Inkqubo yokuvelisa izinto zokubumba;
(11) Ubuchwepheshe benaliti ye-ZMC yokubumba;
(12) Inkqubo yokubumba;
(13) Iteknoloji yokuvelisa i-laminate;
(14) Itekhnoloji yokwenza ityhubhu eqengqelekayo;
(15) Iimveliso zeFayibha ezenza iteknoloji;
(16) Inkqubo eqhubekayo yokuvelisa ipleyiti;
(17) Iteknoloji yokuphosa;
(18) Inkqubo yokubumba i-pultrusion;
(19) Inkqubo eqhubekayo yokwenza umbhobho osongwayo;
(20) Ukuvelisa iteknoloji yezinto ezilukiweyo ezihlanganisiweyo;
(21) Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-thermoplastic sheet molds kunye nenkqubo yokubumba i-stamping ebandayo;
(22) Inkqubo yokubumba isitofu;
(23) Inkqubo yokubumba i-Extrusion;
(24) Inkqubo yokwenza ityhubhu ye-Centrifugal;
(25) Enye iteknoloji yokwenza.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezikhethiweyo ze-resin matrix, ezi ndlela zingentla zifanelekile ukuveliswa kwe-thermosetting kunye ne-thermoplastic composite ngokulandelanayo, kwaye ezinye iinkqubo zifanelekile zombini.
Iimveliso ezihlanganisiweyo zenza iimpawu zenkqubo: xa kuthelekiswa nezinye itekhnoloji yokulungisa izinto, inkqubo yokwenziwa kwezinto ezidibeneyo inezi mpawu zilandelayo:
(1) Ukwenziwa kwezinto kunye nokubumba imveliso ngexesha elifanayo ukugqiba imeko jikelele, inkqubo yokuvelisa izinto ezidibeneyo, oko kukuthi, inkqubo yokubumba imveliso. Ukusebenza kwemathiriyeli kufuneka kuyilwe ngokweemfuno zokusetyenziswa kweemveliso, ngoko ke ekukhetheni izixhobo, umlinganiselo woyilo, umisela umaleko wefayibha kunye nendlela yokubumba, kufuneka ihlangabezane neempawu ezibonakalayo kunye neekhemikhali zeemveliso, ubume bobume kunye nomgangatho wembonakalo. iimfuno.
2 kwezinye iimveliso kuphela iseti yokubumba inokuveliswa.
Okokuqala, qhagamshelana nenkqubo yokubumba uxinzelelo oluphantsi
Inkqubo yokubumba ingcinezelo ephantsi yoqhagamshelwano ibonakaliswe ngokubekwa kwezandla zokuqiniswa, i-resin leaching, okanye i-tool-assisted placement of reinforcement and resin. Olunye uphawu lwenkqubo yokubumba i-contact-low-pressure process kukuba inkqubo yokubumba ayifuni ukusebenzisa uxinzelelo lokubumba (i-contact molding), okanye ifake kuphela uxinzelelo oluphantsi lokubumba (0.01 ~ 0.7mpa uxinzelelo emva kokubunjwa koqhagamshelwano, uxinzelelo oluphezulu aludluli i-2.0 mpa).
Inkqubo yokubumba yoxinzelelo oluphantsi, yinto yokuqala kubumba oyindoda, ukungunda oyindoda okanye ukumila koyilo lokubumba, kwaye emva koko ngokufudumeza okanye ukunyanga ubushushu begumbi, ukudiliza kwaye emva koko ngokulungiswa kokuncedisa kunye neemveliso. Kolu hlobo lwenkqubo yokubumba kukubumba ngesandla, ukubumba ijethi, ukubumba ibhegi, ukubumba ukudluliselwa kwe-resin, ukubunjwa kwe-autoclave kunye nokwandiswa kwe-thermal (uxinzelelo oluphantsi). Ezokuqala ezimbini zenza uqhagamshelwano.
Kwinkqubo yokubumba yoxinzelelo oluphantsi, inkqubo yokubumba intlama yesandla yinto yokuqala ekuvelisweni kwezinto ezidibeneyo ze-polymer matrix, uluhlu olusebenzayo kakhulu, ezinye iindlela kuphuhliso kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokubumba ngesandla. Inzuzo enkulu yenkqubo yokwenza uqhagamshelwano sisixhobo esilula, ukuguquguquka okubanzi, utyalo-mali oluncinci kunye nomphumo okhawulezayo. Ngokutsho manani kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uqhagamshelane inkqubo yokubumba eliphantsi-uxinzelelo kwihlabathi composite imveliso yemveliso, zisahleli umlinganiselo omkhulu, ezifana eUnited States kubalelwa 35%, Western Yurophu yabalelwa 25%, Japan 42% . I-China ithathe i-75%. Oku kubonisa ukubaluleka kunye nokungenakuphinda kuthathelwe indawo yoqhagamshelwano oluphantsi loxinzelelo lokubumba iteknoloji kwimveliso yemveliso yezinto ezihlanganisiweyo, yindlela yenkqubo engasoze iyancipha. Kodwa eyona ntsilelo inkulu kukusebenza kwemveliso kuphantsi, ubungakanani babasebenzi bukhulu, ukuphindaphindwa kwemveliso kubi kwaye njalo njalo.
1. Imathiriyeli ekrwada
Xhagamshelana noxinzelelo oluphantsi lokubunjwa kwezinto eziluhlaza zizinto eziqinisiweyo, ii-resin kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo.
(1) Izinto eziphuculweyo
Iimfuno zokwenza uqhagamshelwano lwezixhobo ezongeziweyo: (1) izinto ezongeziweyo kulula ukumiliselwa ngentlaka; (2) Kukho ukuguquguquka okwaneleyo kweemilo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokubumba zeemilo ezinzima zeemveliso; (3) amaqamza kulula ukuwakhupha; (4) inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza komzimba kunye nemichiza yeemeko zokusetyenziswa kweemveliso; ⑤ Amaxabiso afikelelekayo (ngexabiso eliphantsi kangangoko), imithombo yolwazi eninzi.
Izixhobo ezomeleziweyo zokwenza unxibelelwano ziquka ifayibha yeglasi kunye nelaphu layo, ifayibha yekhabhoni kunye nelaphu layo, ifayibha yeArlene kunye nelaphu layo, njl.
(2) Izinto zeMatrix
Qhagamshelana nenkqubo yokubumba uxinzelelo oluphantsi kwiimfuno zezinto ze-matrix: (1) phantsi kwemeko yokuncamathisela kwesandla, kulula ukucwina i-fiber eqinisiweyo, kulula ukungabandakanyi amaqamza, ukunamathela okuqinileyo kunye nefiber; 2 (3) I-viscosity efanelekileyo: ngokubanzi i-0.2 ~ 0.5Pa · s, ayikwazi ukuvelisa i-glue flow phenomenon; (4) ubuthi obungenatyhefu okanye obuphantsi; Ixabiso lifanelekile kwaye umthombo uqinisekisiwe.
I-resin ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimveliso zezi: i-polyester resin engaxutywanga, i-epoxy resin, i-phenolic resin, i-bismaleimide resin, i-polyimide resin kunye nokunye.
Iimfuno zokusebenza zeenkqubo ezininzi zokwenza uqhagamshelwano lweresin:
Iimfuno zendlela yokubumba kwiipropati ze-resin
Ukuveliswa kweGel
I-1, ukubumba akuhambi, kulula ukukhupha amagwebu
2, ithoni efanayo, akukho mbala udadayo
I-3, ukunyanga ngokukhawuleza, akukho mibimbi, ukunamathela kakuhle kunye nomaleko we-resin
Ukubunjwa kokubekwa kwezandla
1, ukufakwa kakuhle, kulula ukucwina ifayibha, kulula ukuphelisa amaqamza
2, isasazeka emva kokunyanga ngokukhawuleza, ukukhutshwa kobushushu obuncinci, ukushwabana
I-3, i-volatile encinci, umphezulu wemveliso awuncangathi
4. Ukubambelela kakuhle phakathi kweengqimba
Isitofu sokubumba
1. Qinisekisa iimfuno zokwenziwa kwentlama yesandla
2. Thixotropic recovery ingaphambili
3, ubushushu bunempembelelo encinci kwi-resin viscosity
4. I-resin kufuneka ifanelekele ixesha elide, kwaye i-viscosity akufanele inyuke emva kokongezwa kwe-accelerator.
Ukubumba ingxowa
1, ukumanzisa okulungileyo, kulula ukucwina ifayibha, kulula ukukhupha amaqamza
2, ukunyanga ngokukhawuleza, ukunyanga ubushushu buncinci
I-3, akukho lula ukuhamba kweglue, ukunamathela olomeleleyo phakathi kwamaleko
(3) Izinto ezincedisayo
Inkqubo yokwenza uqhagamshelwano lwezixhobo ezincedisayo, ikakhulu ibhekisa kwisifaki kunye nombala kwiindidi ezimbini, kunye ne-arhente yokunyanga, i-diluent, i-agent eqinisayo, eyeyenkqubo ye-resin matrix.
2, ukungunda kunye ne-arhente yokukhulula
(1) Ukungunda
Umngundo sesona sixhobo siphambili kuzo zonke iintlobo zenkqubo yokwenza uqhagamshelwano. Umgangatho wokubumba uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho kunye neendleko zemveliso, ngoko kufuneka yenziwe ngokucophelela kwaye yenziwe.
Xa uyila ukubumba, ezi mfuno zilandelayo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokubanzi: (1) Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezichanekileyo zoyilo lwemveliso, ubungakanani bokubumba buchanekile kwaye umphezulu ugudile; (2) ukuba namandla okwaneleyo kunye nokuqina; (3) ukwakhiwa okufanelekileyo; (4) ube nokuzinza okwaneleyo kwe-thermal; Ubunzima bokukhanya, umthombo owaneleyo wezinto eziphathekayo kunye neendleko eziphantsi.
Isakhiwo sokubumba uqhagamshelwano lokubumba umngundo yahlulwe ibe: ngundo oyindoda, ngundo oyindoda kunye neentlobo ezintathu zokubumba, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lokungunda, inokusekelwe kubungakanani, iimfuno zokubumba, uyilo xa lilonke okanye lidibene.
Xa kusenziwa izinto zokubumba, ezi mfuno zilandelayo kufuneka zifezekiswe:
① Inokufikelela kwiimfuno zokuchaneka komda, umgangatho wenkangeleko kunye nobomi benkonzo yeemveliso;
(2) Izinto zokubumba kufuneka zibe namandla okwaneleyo kunye nokuqina ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukubunjwa akulula ukuba kukhubazeke kwaye konakaliswe kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa;
(3) ayigqwaliswanga yintlaka kwaye ayichaphazeli ukuphiliswa kwe-resin;
(4) Ukumelana nobushushu obulungileyo, ukunyangwa kwemveliso kunye nokufudumeza ukunyangwa, isikhunta asigogekanga;
(5) Kulula ukwenza, kulula ukuyidiliza;
(6) imini ukunciphisa ubunzima ngundo, imveliso elula;
⑦ Ixabiso liphantsi kwaye kulula ukuzifumana. Izinto ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe njengokubumba ngesandla intlama yezandla zezi: umthi, isinyithi, igypsum, isamente, indawo enyibilikayo esezantsi, iiplastiki ezinogwebu eziqinileyo kunye neeplastiki zeglasi ezomeleleyo zefiber.
Iimfuno ezisisiseko zearhente:
1. Ayina corrode isikhunta, ayichaphazeli ukunyangwa kwe-resin, i-resin adhesion ingaphantsi kwe-0.01mpa;
(2) Ixesha elifutshane lokwenza ifilimu, ubukhulu obufanayo, indawo egudileyo;
Ukusetyenziswa kokhuseleko, akukho nto inetyhefu;
(4) ukumelana nobushushu, kunokufudunyezwa bubushushu bokunyanga;
⑤ Kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi.
I-ejenti yokukhululwa yenkqubo yokwenza uqhagamshelwano ikakhulu ibandakanya i-ejenti yokukhupha ifilimu, i-ejenti yokukhupha ulwelo kunye ne-ointment, i-agent yokukhupha i-wax.
Inkqubo yokwenza intlama yesandla
Ukuhamba kwenkqubo yokwenza intlama yesandla kungokulandelayo:
(1) Ukulungiselela imveliso
Ubungakanani bendawo yokusebenza yokuncamathisela ngesandla buya kumiselwa ngokobungakanani bemveliso kunye nemveliso yemihla ngemihla. Indawo kufuneka icoceke, yome kwaye ingene umoya kakuhle, kwaye ubushushu bomoya kufuneka bugcinwe phakathi kwe 15 kunye ne 35 degrees celcius. Icandelo lokuhlaziya i-post-processing liya kuxhotyiswa ngokukhupha uthuli kunye nesixhobo sokutshiza amanzi.
Ukulungiswa komngundo kubandakanya ukucoca, ukudibanisa kunye ne-arhente yokukhulula.
Xa iglu yeresin ilungiswa, sifanele sinikele ingqalelo kwiingxaki ezimbini: (1) ukuthintela iglu ekuxubeni amaqamza; (2) Umthamo weglu awufanele ube mninzi kakhulu, kwaye isixa ngasinye sifanele sisetyenziswe ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe ijeli yentlaka.
Izinto zokuqinisa Iindidi kunye neenkcukacha zezinto zokuqinisa kufuneka zikhethwe ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zokuyila.
(2) Ukuncamathisela nokunyanga
Umaleko-uncamathisele manual umaleko-uncamathisele yahlulwe ngendlela emanzi kunye nendlela owomileyo ezimbini: (1) umaleko owomileyo-prepreg ilaphu njengezinto ekrwada, imathiriyeli pre-ukufunda (ilaphu) ngokwesampulu esikwe kwizinto ezimbi, umaleko-ukuthambisa ukufudumeza. , kwaye emva koko umaleko ngumaleko kwi-mold, kwaye ubeke ingqalelo ukuphelisa amaqamza phakathi kwamaleko, ukuze axinene. Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukubumba i-autoclave kunye nengxowa. (2) Umaleko omanzi ngokuthe ngqo kumngundo uya komeleza idiphu yezinto, umaleko ngomaleko kufutshane nomngundo, ukhuphe amaqamza, uwenze uxinene. Inkqubo yokuncamathisela yezandla ngokubanzi ngale ndlela yokubeka. Umaleko omanzi wahlulwe ube yi-gelcoat umaleko wentlama kunye nesakhiwo sentlama.
Isixhobo sokuncamathisela ngesandla Isixhobo sokuncamathelisa isandla sinempembelelo enkulu ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho wemveliso. Kukho i-wool roller, i-bristle roller, i-spiral roller kunye nesarha yombane, i-drill yombane, umatshini wokupolisha njalo njalo.
Iimveliso eziqinisiweyo ziqinisa i-cent sclerosis kwaye zivuthiwe izigaba ezibini: ukusuka kwijeli ukuya kwi-trigonal utshintsho bafuna i-24h eqhelekileyo, ngoku qinisa isixa seqondo ukuya kuma-50% ~ 70% (iqondo le-ba Ke ubulukhuni li-15), i-dedimolom, emva kokuthatha i-demolom, emva kokuthatha i-demolom, emva kokuthatha ukuqina ngaphantsi kwemeko yendalo yendalo. I-1 ~ 2 iveki isakhono senza ukuba iimveliso zibe namandla omatshini, yithi zivuthiwe, isidanga sayo sokuqina ukuya kuma-85% ngaphezulu. Ukufudumala kunokukhuthaza inkqubo yokunyanga. Kwintsimbi yeglasi yepolyester, ukufudumeza kwi-80 ℃ ye-3h, kwintsimbi yeglasi ye-epoxy, ubushushu bokunyanga bunokulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-150 ℃. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokufudumeza kunye nokunyanga, iimveliso eziphakathi kunye ezincinci zinokufudumeza kwaye zinyangelwe kwisithando somlilo, iimveliso ezinkulu zinokufudumeza okanye ukufudumeza kwe-infrared.
(3)Dukwakheka kunye nokunxiba
Ukudilizwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ayonakaliswa. Iindlela zokumisa zezi zilandelayo: (1) Isixhobo sokukhupha i-ejection sifakwe kwi-mold, kwaye i-screw ijikeleziswa xa i-demoulding ikhupha imveliso. Uxinzelelo lwe-demoulding mold inomoya oxinzelelweyo okanye i-inlet yamanzi, i-demoulding iya kuxinzelelwa umoya okanye amanzi (0.2mpa) phakathi kokungunda kunye nemveliso, ngexesha elifanayo kunye nehamile yokhuni kunye nehamile yerabha, ukwenzela ukuba imveliso kunye nokwahlula ukubumba. (3) Ukwakhiwa kweemveliso ezinkulu (ezifana neenqanawa) ngoncedo lweejekhi, iikhreyini kunye ne-hardwood wedges nezinye izixhobo. (4) Iimveliso ezintsonkothileyo zinokusebenzisa indlela yokudiliza ngesandla ukuncamathisela iileya ezimbini okanye ezintathu zeFRP kubumba, ukuba zinyangeke emva kokuxobuka kubumba, kwaye emva koko zibeke umngundo ukuqhubeka nokuncamathelisa kubunzima boyilo, kulula Susa kwisikhunta emva kokunyanga.
Isinxibo sokunxiba sahlulwe saba ziindidi ezimbini: enye isayizi yokunxiba, enye ilungisa isiphene. (1) Emva kokubumba ubungakanani beemveliso, ngokwesayizi yoyilo ukunqumla inxalenye engaphezulu; (2) Ukulungiswa kwesiphako kubandakanya ukulungiswa kwe-perforation, i-bubble, ukulungiswa kwe-crack, ukuqiniswa komngxuma, njl.
Ubuchule bokwenza iJet
Itekhnoloji yokwenza i-Jet luphuculo lokwenziwa kwencama yesandla, i-semi-mechanized degree. Ubuchwephesha bokwenza ijethi bubangela umlinganiselo omkhulu kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwezinto ezihlanganisiweyo, ezifana ne-9.1% eUnited States, i-11.3% eNtshona Yurophu, kunye ne-21% eJapan. Okwangoku, oomatshini bokubumba betofu basekhaya bathunyelwa ikakhulu eMelika.
(1) Umgaqo wenkqubo yokwenza iJet kunye neenzuzo kunye nokungalunganga
Inkqubo yokubumba isitofu ixutywe nomqalisi kunye nomxhasi weentlobo ezimbini zepolyester, ngokulandelelana ukusuka kumpu wokutshiza ngaphandle kumacala omabini, kwaye iya kunqumla i-fiberglass roving, kwiziko letotshi, ukuxuba nentlaka, idiphozithi kubumba, xa idiphozithi. ukuya kubunzima obuthile, kunye ne-roller compaction, yenza i-fiber saturated resin, ukuphelisa amaqamza omoya, unyangelwe kwiimveliso.
Iingenelo zokubumba ijethi: (1) ukusebenzisa i-glass fiber roving endaweni yelaphu, kunokunciphisa iindleko zemathiriyeli; (2) Ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kumaxesha angama-2-4 aphezulu kunezandla zokuncamathisela; (3) Imveliso inokuthembeka okulungileyo, akukho malungu, amandla aphezulu e-interlayer shear, umxholo we-resin ephezulu, ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kokubola kunye nokuchasana nokuvuza; (4) inokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-flapping, ukusika izilaphu zelaphu kunye nolwelo oluseleyo lweglu; Ubungakanani bemveliso kunye nokumila akuthintelwanga. Ukungalungi zezi: (1) umxholo we-resin ephezulu, iimveliso zamandla aphantsi; (2) imveliso inokwenza icala elinye kuphela eligudileyo; ③ Ingcolisa okusingqongileyo kwaye iyingozi kwimpilo yabasebenzi.
I-Jet yenza ukusebenza kakuhle ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15kg / min, ilungele ukwenziwa kwe-hull enkulu. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ukucubungula ibhafu yokuhlambela, isigqubuthelo somatshini, indlu yangasese edityanisiweyo, izinto zomzimba wemoto kunye neemveliso ezinkulu zoncedo.
(2) Ukulungiselela imveliso
Ukongeza kokuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo yokunamathisela ngesandla, ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwi-exhaust yendalo. Ngokobukhulu bemveliso, igumbi lokusebenza linokuvalwa ukugcina amandla.
Ukulungiselela imathiriyeli imathiriyeli ekrwada ubukhulu becala yiresin (ingakumbi intlaka yepolyester engaxutywanga) kunye negilasi yefiber roving engajikwanga.
Ukulungiswa komngundo kubandakanya ukucoca, ukudibanisa kunye ne-arhente yokukhulula.
Isitofu sokubumba isixhobo sokubumba umatshini wokubumba isitofu sahlulwe saba ziindidi ezimbini: uhlobo lwetanki yoxinzelelo kunye nohlobo lwempompo: (1) Umatshini wokubumba wempompo wohlobo lwempompo, ngumqalisi we-resin kunye ne-accelerator ngokulandelelana zimpontshelwa kwi-static mixer, ixutywe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ikhutshwe ngesitshizi. umpu, owaziwa ngokuba luhlobo oluxubileyo lompu. Amacandelo ayo yinkqubo yokulawula i-pneumatic, impompo ye-resin, ipompo encedisayo, i-mixer, isibhamu sokutshiza, i-fiber cutting injector, njl. Lungisa indawo yempompo encedisayo kwingalo ye-rocker ukuqinisekisa umlinganiselo wezithako. Ngaphantsi kwesenzo se-compressor yomoya, i-resin kunye ne-agent encedisayo ixutywe ngokulinganayo kwi-mixer kwaye yenziwe ngamaconsi e-spray gun, ahlala efafazwe kumphezulu we-mold kunye ne-fiber cut. Lo matshini we-jet unompu we-glue wokutshiza kuphela, isakhiwo esilula, ubunzima obulula, inkunkuma encinci ye-initiator, kodwa ngenxa yokuxuba kwinkqubo, kufuneka ihlambuluke ngokukhawuleza emva kokugqitywa, ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvaleka kwenaliti. (2) Itanki yoxinzelelo yohlobo lweglue umatshini wejethi wokubonelela kukufakela iglu yeresin kwitanki yoxinzelelo ngokulandelelana, kwaye wenze iglu kwi-spray gun ukutshiza ngokuqhubekayo ngoxinzelelo lwegesi kwitanki. Iqulathe iitanki ezimbini zeresin, umbhobho, ivalve, umpu wokutshiza, i-fiber cutting injector, itrolley kunye nesibiyeli. Xa usebenza, qhagamshela umthombo womoya ocinezelekileyo, yenza umoya ocinezelekileyo udlule kwisahluli samanzi somoya kwi-tank ye-resin, i-glass fiber cutter kunye nompu wokutshiza, ukuze i-resin kunye ne-glass fiber ikhutshwe ngokuqhubekayo ngumpu wokutshiza, i-resin atomization, i-glass fiber dispersion, ixutywe ngokulinganayo kwaye emva koko itshone kwi-mold. Le jethi yiresin exutywe ngaphandle kompu, ngoko akukho lula ukuplaga umlomo wompu.
(3) Ulawulo lwenkqubo yokutshiza
Ukhetho lweeparamitha zenkqubo yokutofa: ① Isiqulatho seresin yokutshiza iimveliso zokubumba, ulawulo lwesiqulatho sentlaka malunga ne-60%. Xa i-resin viscosity yi-0.2Pa · s, uxinzelelo lwe-resin tank ngu-0.05-0.15mpa, kwaye uxinzelelo lwe-atomization ngu-0.3-0.55mpa, ukufana kwamacandelo kunokuqinisekiswa. (3) Umgama wokuxuba we-resin etshizwe nge-Angle eyahlukileyo yompu wokutshiza yahlukile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-Engile ye-20 ° ikhethiwe, kwaye umgama phakathi kompu wokutshiza kunye nokungunda yi-350 ~ 400mm. Ukutshintsha umgama, i-Angle ye-spray gun kufuneka ibe yi-high-speed ukuqinisekisa ukuba icandelo ngalinye lixutywe kwi-intersection kufuphi nomphezulu wokubumba ukukhusela i-glue ukuba ihambe.
Ukubumba ukutshiza kufuneka kuqatshelwe: (1) ubushushu bendawo kufuneka bulawuleke ku (25±5) ℃, phezulu kakhulu, kulula ukubangela ukuvaleka kompu wokutshiza; Iphantsi kakhulu, ingxubevange engalinganiyo, ukunyanga ngokukhawuleza; (2) Akukho manzi avunyelweyo kwinkqubo yejethi, kungenjalo umgangatho wemveliso uya kuchaphazeleka; (3) Phambi kokwenza, fafaza umaleko weresin kumngundo, uze utshize umaleko weresin fiber; (4) Ngaphambi kokubunjwa kwenaliti, lungisa kuqala uxinzelelo lomoya, ukulawula i-resin kunye nomxholo wefiber yeglasi; (5) Umpu wokutshiza kufuneka uhambe ngokulinganayo ukuthintela ukuvuza nokutshiza. Ayinakungena kwi-arc. Ukugqithisa phakathi kwemigca emibini ingaphantsi kwe-1/3, kwaye ukugubungela kunye nobukhulu kufuneka bufane. Emva kokutshiza umaleko, sebenzisa ngokukhawuleza ukudibanisa i-roller, kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo emaphethelweni kunye ne-concave kunye ne-convex surface, uqinisekise ukuba umaleko ngamnye ucinezelekile, ukhuphe amaqamza, uthintele nge-fiber ebangelwa burrs; Emva koluhlu ngalunye lwesitshizi, ukujonga, ukufaneleka emva koluhlu olulandelayo lwesitshizi; ⑧ Umaleko wokugqibela wokutshiza ezinye, yenza umphezulu ube lula; ⑨ Coca i-jet ngokukhawuleza emva kokusetyenziswa ukukhusela ukuqina kwe-resin kunye nomonakalo kwisixhobo.
Ukubunjwa kokudluliselwa kwe-resin
I-Resin Transfer Molding efinyeziweyo njenge-RTM. I-RTM yaqala ngo-1950, iteknoloji evaliweyo eyenza iteknoloji yokuphucula inkqubo yokucola ukucola, inokuvelisa iimveliso zokukhanya ezimacala mabini. Kumazwe angaphandle, i-Resin Injection kunye ne-Pressure Infection nazo zibandakanyiwe kolu didi.
Umgaqo osisiseko we-RTM kukubeka i-fiber ye-glass fiber eqiniswe kwi-mold cavity ye-mold evaliweyo. Ijeli ye-resin ifakwe kwi-mold cavity ngoxinzelelo, kwaye i-glass fiber eqiniswe izinto eziqiniweyo zixutywe, emva koko zinyangwa, kwaye imveliso ebunjiweyo iyachithwa.
Ukususela kwinqanaba lophando lwangaphambili, uphando kunye nophuhliso lwesikhokelo sobuchwepheshe be-RTM luya kubandakanya iyunithi ye-injection elawulwa yi-microcomputer, itekhnoloji ephuculweyo yokulungisa izinto, isikhunta esinexabiso eliphantsi, inkqubo yokunyanga i-resin ekhawulezileyo, ukuzinza kwenkqubo kunye nokuguquguquka, njl.
Iimpawu ze-RTM yokwenza iteknoloji: (1) inokuvelisa iimveliso ezinamacala amabini; (2) Ukusebenza okuphezulu, okufanelekileyo kwimveliso yeemveliso zeFRP (ngaphantsi kwama-20000 amaqhekeza / ngonyaka); ③RTM lumsebenzi wokungunda ovaliweyo, ongangcolisi indalo kwaye angonakalisi impilo yabasebenzi; (4) izinto zokuqiniswa zinokuthi zibekwe kuyo nayiphi na indlela, kulula ukuqonda izinto zokuqiniswa ngokwemeko yoxinzelelo lwesampulu yemveliso; (5) ngaphantsi kwezixhobo zokusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla; ⑥ Utyalo-mali oluncinci ekwakheni umzi-mveliso, ngokukhawuleza.
Itekhnoloji yeRTM isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kulwakhiwo, uthutho, unxibelelwano, ezempilo, i-aerospace kunye namanye amasimi oshishino. Iimveliso esiziphuhlisileyo zezi: izindlu zemoto kunye neenxalenye, amacandelo ezithuthi zokuzonwabisa, i-spiral pulp, i-8.5m ende ye-injini yomoya, i-radome, isigqubuthelo somatshini, ibhafu, igumbi lokuhlambela, ibhodi yedama lokuqubha, isihlalo, itanki yamanzi, indawo yefowuni, i-telegraph pole. , isikhephe esincinci, njl.
(1) Inkqubo yeRTM kunye nezixhobo
Yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa i-RTM ihlukaniswe kwiinkqubo ze-11. Abaqhubi kunye nezixhobo kunye nezixhobo zenkqubo nganye zilungisiwe. Isikhunta sithuthwa ngemoto kwaye sidlula kwinkqubo nganye ekuphenduleni ukuqonda ukusebenza kokuhamba. Ixesha lokujikeleza kwesikhunta kumgca wendibano ngokusisiseko libonisa umjikelezo wemveliso yemveliso. Iimveliso ezincinci zihlala zithatha imizuzu elishumi kuphela, kwaye umjikelezo wemveliso yeemveliso ezinkulu unokulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-1h.
Isixhobo sokubumba i-RTM sisixhobo sokubumba isitofu se-resin kunye nokungunda.
Umatshini wokutofa nge-resin wenziwa ngepompo ye-resin kunye ne-injection gun. Impompo ye-resin yiseti yeepompo ezibuyisela i-piston, phezulu yimpompo ye-aerodynamic. Xa umoya ocinezelekileyo uqhuba ipiston yempompo yomoya ukuba inyuke kwaye ihle, impompo ye-resin impompoza i-resin kwindawo yokugcina i-resin ngokomlinganiselo ngokusebenzisa isilawuli sokuhamba kunye nesihluzo. I-lateral lever yenza ukuba ipompo ye-catalyst ihambe kwaye impompa ngobuninzi i-catalyst kwi-reservoir. Umoya oxiniweyo uzaliswe kwiireservoirs ezimbini ukudala amandla e-buffer achasene noxinzelelo lwempompo, ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba okuzingileyo kwe-resin kunye ne-catalyst kwintloko yokutofa. Isitofu sompu emva kokuhamba kwesiphithiphithi kumxube omileyo, kwaye unokwenza i-resin kunye ne-catalyst kwimeko yokungabikho kwegesi yokuxuba, isitofu sokungunda, kwaye emva koko abaxube bemipu banoyilo lwe-detergent inlet, kunye ne-0.28 MPa ye-solvent tank yoxinzelelo, xa umatshini emva kokusetyenziswa, vula iswitshi, i-solvent ezenzekelayo, umpu wokutofa ukucoca.
② Ukubumba i-RTM ye-Mold yahlulwe ibe yi-glass metal mold, i-glass glass surface plated metal mold kunye ne-metal mold. Iimolds ze-Fiberglass kulula ukwenza kwaye zingabizi, ii-polyester fiberglass molds zingasetyenziselwa amaxesha angama-2,000, i-epoxy fiberglass molds ingasetyenziselwa amaxesha angama-4,000. Ifayibha yeglasi eyomelezwe ngundo weplastiki enomgangatho obekwe ngegolide ungasetyenziswa amaxesha angaphezu kwe-10000. Iimold zesinyithi azifane zisetyenziswe kwinkqubo ye-RTM. Ngokubanzi, umrhumo wokubumba we-RTM yi-2% ukuya kwi-16% kuphela yaleyo ye-SMC.
(2) Izinto zeRTM eluhlaza
I-RTM isebenzisa izinto eziluhlaza ezifana nenkqubo ye-resin, imathiriyeli yokuqinisa kunye nokugcwaliswa.
Inkqubo ye-resin I-resin engundoqo esetyenziswa kwinkqubo ye-RTM yi-resin ye-polyester engaxutywanga.
Izinto zokuqiniswa ngokubanzi Izixhobo zokuqinisa i-RTM ziyi-fiber yeglasi, umxholo wayo ngu-25% ~ 45% (umlinganiselo wobunzima); Izixhobo zokuqinisa ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yifiber yeglasi eqhubekayo ivakale, imvakalelo edibeneyo kunye nebhodi yokukhangela.
Iifayili zibalulekile kwinkqubo ye-RTM kuba ayinciphisi kuphela iindleko kwaye iphucule ukusebenza, kodwa iphinda ithathe ubushushu ngexesha lesigaba se-resin exothermic. Iifayili ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziyi-aluminium hydroxide, i-glass beads, i-calcium carbonate, i-mica kunye nokunye. Idosi yayo yi-20% ~ 40%.
Indlela yoxinzelelo lwengxowa, indlela ye-autoclave, indlela ye-hydraulic kettle kunyetindlela yokubumba yokwandisa hermal
Indlela yoxinzelelo lwengxowa, indlela ye-autoclave, indlela yeketile ye-hydraulic kunye nendlela yokubumba yokwandisa i-thermal eyaziwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokubumba uxinzelelo oluphantsi. Inkqubo yokubumba kukusebenzisa indlela yokwenza i-manual, into yokomeleza kunye ne-resin (kubandakanya izinto ze-prepreg) ngokwesikhokelo soyilo kunye noluhlu lwe-odolo ngoluhlu kwi-mold, emva kokufikelela kubukhulu obuchaziweyo, ngoxinzelelo, ukufudumeza, ukunyanga, ukudiliza, ukunxiba kunye nokufumana iimveliso. Umahluko phakathi kweendlela ezine kunye nenkqubo yokwenza intlama yesandla ilele kuphela kwinkqubo yokunyangwa koxinzelelo. Ke ngoko, ziluphuculo nje lwenkqubo yokwenza incama yesandla, ukuze kuphuculwe ukuxinana kweemveliso kunye namandla okudibanisa i-interlayer.
Ifayibha yeglasi yamandla aphezulu, ifayibha yekhabhoni, ifayibha ye-boron, i-aramong ifayibha kunye ne-epoxy resin njengezinto ezikrwada, iimveliso ezidityanisiweyo eziphezulu ezenziwe ngendlela yoxinzelelo oluphantsi zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwinqwelomoya, imijukujelwa, iisathelayithi kunye nesiphekepheke. Okufana neengcango zenqwelomoya, i-fairing, iradome yomoya, isibiyeli, iphiko, umsila, i-bulkhead, udonga kunye nenqwelo-moya efihlakeleyo.
(1) Indlela yoxinzelelo lwengxowa
I-Bag pressing molding yi-hand intlama yokubumba imveliso engaqiniswanga, ngokusebenzisa iingxowa zerabha okanye ezinye izinto ezilastiki ukuze kufakwe igesi okanye uxinzelelo lolwelo, ukwenzela ukuba iimveliso eziphantsi koxinzelelo zixinzelele, ziqiniswe.
Iingenelo zendlela yokwenza ingxowa zezi: (1) zigudileyo kumacala omabini emveliso; ② Ukulungelelanisa kwi-polyester, epoxy kunye ne-phenolic resin; Ubunzima bemveliso buphezulu kune-hand paste.
Ukubunjwa kwengxowa yoxinzelelo kwindlela yengxowa yoxinzelelo kunye nendlela ye-vacuum yesi-2: (1) indlela yengxowa yoxinzelelo indlela yengxowa yoxinzelelo yindlela yokuncamathela yesandla kukubumba imveliso eqinisiweyo kwingxowa yerabha, kulungiswe ipleyiti yokugquma, emva koko ngomoya oxinanisiweyo okanye umphunga (0.25 ~ 0.5mpa), ukuze iimveliso ezikwiimeko zokucinezela ezishushu zomelele. (2) Indlela yebhegi yokufunxa le ndlela kukuncamathelisa ngesandla iimveliso ezingaqiniswanga, ezinomaleko wefilimu yerabha, iimveliso phakathi kwefilimu yerabha kunye nokungunda, ukutywina iperiphery, vacuum (0.05 ~ 0.07mpa), ukuze amaqamza kunye ne-volatils. kwiimveliso azibandakanywanga. Ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluncinci lwe-vacuum, indlela yokwenza ingxowa yokufunxa isetyenziselwa kuphela ukwenza i-polyester emanzi kunye neemveliso ze-epoxy composite.
(2) Iketile yoxinzelelo olushushu kunye nendlela yeketile yehydraulic
Iketile ene-autoclaved eshushu kunye ne-hydraulic kettle method ikwisikhongozeli sesinyithi, ngerhasi ecinezelweyo okanye ulwelo kwimveliso engaqiniswanga yezandla zokuncamathisela ukufudumeza, uxinzelelo, yenze ukuba iqine ukubumba inkqubo.
I-autoclave indlela ye-autoclave sisitya soxinzelelo lwesinyithi esithe tye, iimveliso zokuncamathisela zezandla ezinganyangekiyo, kunye neengxowa zeplastiki ezitywiniweyo, isitshixo, kwaye emva koko kunye nokungunda ngemoto ukukhuthaza i-autoclave, ngomphunga (uxinzelelo yi-1.5 ~ 2.5mpa), kunye ne-vacuum, i-pressurized iimveliso, ukufudumeza, ukukhutshwa kwe-bubble, ukwenzela ukuba iqiniswe phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo olushushu. Idibanisa iingenelo zendlela yengxowa yoxinzelelo kunye nendlela ye-vacuum bag, kunye nomjikelezo omfutshane wokuvelisa kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wemveliso. Indlela eshushu ye-autoclave inokuvelisa ubungakanani obukhulu, imilo entsonkothileyo yomgangatho ophezulu, iimveliso ezihlanganisiweyo eziphezulu. Ubungakanani bemveliso bukhawulelwe yi-autoclave. Okwangoku, i-autoclave enkulu kunazo zonke e-China inobubanzi obuyi-2.5m kunye nobude be-18m. Iimveliso eziye zaphuhliswa zaza zasetyenziswa ziquka iphiko, umsila, i-antenna reflector, i-missile reentry body kunye ne-airborne sandwich structure radome. Eyona nto ingathandekiyo yale ndlela yi-investment yezixhobo, ubunzima, isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, iindleko eziphezulu.
Indlela yeketile yeHydraulic Iketile yeHydraulic yinqanawa yoxinzelelo oluvaliweyo, umthamo uncinci kuneketile yoxinzelelo olushushu, ibekwe ngokuthe tye, imveliso ngoxinzelelo lwamanzi ashushu, kwiimveliso ezingafakwanga zezandla zokuncamathisela ezifudunyeziweyo, zicinezelwe, ukuze ziqine. Uxinzelelo lweketile yehydraulic inokufikelela kwi-2MPa okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye ubushushu bungama-80 ~ 100℃. Isithwali se-oyile, shushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-200 ℃. Imveliso eveliswa yile ndlela i-dense, umjikelezo omfutshane, ukungonakali kwendlela ye-hydraulic kettle yi-investment enkulu kwizixhobo.
(3) indlela yokubumba yokwandisa i-thermal
Ukwandiswa kokubumba kwe-Thermal yinkqubo esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa udonga oluncinci olungenanto oluphezulu lweemveliso ezidibeneyo. Umgaqo wayo wokusebenza kukusetyenziswa kwe-coefficient yokwandiswa okuhlukeneyo kwezinto zokubumba, ukusetyenziswa kwevolumu yayo evuthayo yokwandiswa koxinzelelo lwe-extrusion eyahlukeneyo, ukwakhiwa koxinzelelo lwemveliso. Umngundo oyindoda wendlela yokubumba yokwandisa i-thermal yirabha ye-silicon ene-coefficient enkulu yokwandisa, kwaye i-mold mold yinto yentsimbi ene-coefficient encinci yokwandisa. Iimveliso ezingaqiniswanga zibekwe phakathi kwenkunzi yendoda kunye nebhinqa ngesandla. Ngenxa yokwandiswa komlinganiso ohlukeneyo wokubumba okulungileyo kunye nokubi, kukho umehluko omkhulu wokuguqulwa, okwenza iimveliso ziqiniswe phantsi koxinzelelo olushushu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: 29-06-22