Ukwaziswa kwezinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zeBiodegradable Materials

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye neemfuno ezikhulayo zokuphuculwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nokomelezwa okuqhubekayo kolawulo longcoliseko lweplastiki yesizwe, ishishini lezinto ezibolayo eTshayina lingenise ithuba elikhulu lophuhliso.

Izinto ezitsha ezibolisiweyo, ezikhokelwa ziiplastiki ezinokonakala, ezigqalwa njengesona sicombululo “kungcoliseko olumhlophe” lweeplastiki ezilahlwayo, ziya zisiba ninzi ngakumbi kwingqalelo yabantu.

Okulandelayo, ndingathanda ukwazisa ezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ezinokubola.

I-PLA

I-Polylactic acid (i-Poly lactic acid PLA) yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu ewonakalayo, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-polylactide, engekhoyo kwindalo kwaye yenziwa i-polymerized nge-lactic acid njengeyona nto iphambili ekrwada.

Umgaqo jikelele kukuba isitatshi izinto ekrwada ekrwada ukuba iswekile, kwaye ke iswekile kunye neebhaktheriya ezithile zivundiswe ukuvelisa i-asidi ye-lactic ephezulu, kwaye emva koko i-polylactic acid enobunzima obuthile bemolekyuli idityaniswe yi-chemical synthesis.

PBAT.

I-PBAT yeyeeplastiki ze-thermoplastic biodegradable. I-copolymer ye-butylene adipate kunye ne-butylene terephthalate. Ineempawu zazo zombini i-PBA kunye ne-PBT. Ayinayo nje i-ductility efanelekileyo kunye nobude ngexesha lekhefu, kodwa inokumelana nokushisa okulungileyo kunye neempawu zempembelelo. Ukongeza, ikwane-biodegradability ebalaseleyo.

Phakathi kwazo, izinto eziluhlaza ezifana ne-butanediol, i-oxalic acid kunye ne-PTA zifumaneka ngokulula kwaye zinokucutshungulwa ngokubanzi ngeendlela ezininzi, ezifana nokubumba inaliti, ukubunjwa kwe-extrusion, ukubunjwa kokuvuthela njalo njalo.

Okwangoku, iimveliso zeplastiki ezinokubola ezisetyenziswa kumlinganiselo omkhulu kwimarike zitshintshiwe okanye zadityaniswa, apho i-PBAT isetyenziswa kakhulu ne-PLA. Umzekelo, ingxowa yeplastiki enokubola esetyenziswa kwizinga elikhulu zizinto ezihlanganisiweyo zePLA kunye ne-PBAT.

Ukuthelekiswa kwezicelo ezisezantsi phakathi kwe-PBAT kunye ne-PLA

PBS.

I-PBS ibizwa ngokuba yi-polybutylene succinate. Ngeminyaka yoo-1990, iShowa Polymer Company yaseJapan yaqala yasebenzisa isocyanate njengechain extender kwaye yasabela ngepolyester enobunzima bemolekyuli eyenziwe yiPolycondensation yedicarboxylic glycol ukulungiselela iipolima ezinobunzima bemolekyuli. I-PBS i-polyester yaqala ukutsala ingqalelo ebanzi njengohlobo olutsha lweeplastiki ezibolayo. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iipolyester zemveli ezinokubola, i-PBS ineenzuzo zexabiso eliphantsi lemveliso, indawo yokunyibilika ephezulu, ukumelana nobushushu obulungileyo kunye neempawu zoomatshini. umthombo wayo wezinto ekrwada ingafunyanwa kuphela kwimithombo yepetroleum, kodwa nakwimithombo yebhayoloji fermentation. phantsi kwemeko yokuba i-oyile kunye nezinye izinto ezingenakuhlaziyeka ziyancipha, olu phawu lunokubaluleka okude.

Isishwankathelo, uthelekiso lweepropati eziphathekayo phakathi kwe-PBS, i-PLS, i-PBAT kunye ne-PHA

Okwangoku, iipropathi zezinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo iiplastiki eziguquguqukayo ziyahluka. I-PLA inokungafihli kakuhle, ukumenyezela, indawo yokunyibilika ephezulu kunye namandla, kodwa ukuqina okuphantsi kunye nokuqina kwekristale. I-PBAT ineempawu zazo zombini i-PBA kunye ne-PBT, kwaye ine-ductility elungileyo kunye nobude ngexesha lekhefu. Kodwa isithintelo somphunga wamanzi kunye nesithintelo seoksijini asilungile. I-PBS inoxhathiso oluhle lwamanzi, ukumelana nobushushu kunye neepropati ezibanzi, ifestile yobushushu bokucubungula ebanzi, kwaye ineyona nkqubo ilungileyo yokusebenza kwiiplastiki ezonakeleyo jikelele. Iqondo lokushisa elitshisayo le-PBS lisondele kwi-100C, kwaye linokuba phezulu kune-100C emva kokuguqulwa. Nangona kunjalo, i-PBS ikwanazo ezinye iintsilelo ezifana namandla aphantsi okunyibilika kunye nesantya esicothayo secrystallization. Ngokubhekiselele kwi-biodegradability, iimeko zokuthotywa kwe-PLA zingqongqo, i-PBS kunye ne-PBAT kulula ukuthotywa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-biodegradation ye-PLA, i-PBS kunye ne-PBAT ayinakwenzeka phantsi kwayo nayiphi na imeko, kwaye idla ngokuchithwa yi-enzymes kunye ne-microorganisms kwindawo ye-compost, umhlaba, amanzi kunye ne-sludge esebenzayo.

Ukushwankathela, ukusebenza kweplastiki enye enokonakala imathiriyeli ekrwada ineziphene zayo, kodwa emva kwe-copolymerization, ukudibanisa, abancedisi kunye nolunye uhlengahlengiso, inokugubungela ngokusisiseko ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki ezilahlwayo ezifana ne-PE, iPP kwipakethe, i-textile, i-tableware elahlayo. kwaye nangokunjalo.